(Copyright NanoCMM Technology)
Anti-virus achievement of nano silver
– Virus-mediated diseases are widespread and become more and more common all over the world; therefore, the development of antiviral agents is essential. The antiviral mechanism of nano silver (AgNPs) is an important aspect of antiviral therapy. AgNPs have unique interactions with bacteria and viruses based on a certain size and shape range [27, 41, 59].
Due to antiviral activity, nano-silver combines into polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane; (nAg-PSf) was evaluated against MS2, showing significant antiviral activity, due to increased hydrophilic properties of the membrane [60]. Silver nano has demonstrated effective inhibitory activities against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) [61].
One study focused on the antiviral action of AgNP; information confirmed that each strain of HIV-1 scavenger cells (M) -tropic and T-lymphocyte (T) -1 was sensitive to AgNP-coated polyurethane condoms (PUC) [62].
Despite this, many studies have revealed that AgNPs can slow down the virus’s viability, however the exact mechanism of antiviral activity remains ambiguous. Studies by Trefry and Wooley have found that nano-silver reduces the titer of the infectious agent by 4 to 5 logs at a non-cytotoxic concentration [63].
Interestingly, in the presence of AgNPs, the virus is able to be absorbed into the cells, and its penetration is responsible for the antiviral effects of AgNPs. The Hemagglutination test showed that AgNPs could significantly inhibit the growth of influenza virus in the cells of the urinary organs of Madin-Darby dogs, i.e. the kidneys. Influenza H3N2, suggesting that AgNPs have an important role in rat survival [64].
The bio-synthesized AgNPs inhibited the viability of herpes simplex viruses (HSV) types 1 and 2 and type 3 human para-influenza virus, based on the size and zeta potential of AgNPs [65].
The treatment of Vero cells with a “non-cytotoxic” silver-nano concentration significantly inhibited replication of the “ruminant Peste des Petts” virus (PPRV). The mechanism of viral replication is due to the interaction of AgNPs with the virion surface and the virion core [66].
Tannic acid synthesis of AgNP of different sizes can reduce the possibility of “HSV-2” infection in vitro and in vivo through direct interaction, preventing the binding, penetration and spread of microorganisms. withdraw [67]. Antiviral properties of Ag + alone or in combination with 50 ppb Ag + and 20 ppm CO3 2- (carbonate ions) were performed on MS2 phage.
Results from this study assessed that only 50 ppb Ag + could not affect phages, and the combination of 50 ppb Ag+ and 20 ppm CO3 was found to have effective antiviral properties in the immediate future. Contact is 15 minutes [68].
Anti-inflammatory performance
Inflammation is an early immune response against foreign tissue particles, aided by increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, activating the immune system and releasing prostaglandins and chemicals such as complement factor, interleukin-1 (IL -1), TNF-α and TGF-β [69-72].
In order to defeat the inflammatory action, we should look for effective anti-inflammatory agents. Among several anti-inflammatory agents, AgNPs have recently played an important role in the anti-inflammatory field. AgNPs have been known to be anti-microbial, but the anti-inflammatory responses of nano-silver are still limited [73] reported anti-inflammatory activity in rats.
Rats treated in the colon with 4 mg / kg or orally with 40 mg / kg of crystalline silver nanocrystals showed a significant reduction in colitis. Rates treated with AgNPs show rapid healing and improved aesthetic appearance, which occurs depending on the dose.
Furthermore, AgNPs demonstrated major antimicrobial properties, less wound inflammation, and modulation of fibrous cytokines [74]. Continuing the previous study, [70] investigated for more evidence of the anti-inflammatory properties of AgNPs, in which they used both in vivo and in vitro models and found that AgNPs can modulate number of inflammatory markers, indicating that AgNPs may suppress inflammatory events in the early stages of wound healing [70].
A model of pig contact dermatitis showed that silver nano-silver treatment significantly increased apoptosis in inflammatory cells and decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines [75].
The biosynthetic AgNP reduces the production of cytokines produced by UV-B irradiation in HaCaT cells, while also decreasing the level of edema and cytokines in the leg tissues [76].
Reference source: Applications of Silver nanoparticles in diverse sectors
1 Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India.
2 Professor, Institute of Bio Science and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Deva Road, India.
