Nano silver is used to help increase the quality of quail eggs in Japan

Silver nanoparticles can prove to be a valuable alternative raw material for antibiotics and disinfectants since it is relatively free of side effects. Silver nanoparticles have been used in practical applications in common items such as clothing, home electrical appliances and electronics, but have not yet been widely applied in the medical or pharmaceutical fields. This study was designed to investigate the effect of nano-silver on egg quality characteristics in egg-laying Japanese quail in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six iterations at particle levels. nano silver 0, 4, 8 and 12 ppm. Eggs are collected daily and egg parameters, including the weight, length, and width of the eggs; yolk weight and eggshell thickness were checked. The effects of different levels of silver nanoparticles were determined using the General Linear Model of the SAS procedure, while differences between groups were determined using the significant difference test. at least. The results indicated that silver nanoparticles at all levels significantly reduced yolk weight and hen egg yield per week compared to the control treatment (P <0.05), while silver nanoparticles did not. has a significant effect on egg weight, egg length and width, and eggshell thickness.

(Copyright by NanoCMM Technology)

Introduce

Silver nanoparticles can prove to be a valuable alternative raw material for antibiotics and disinfectants. Silver nanoparticles have been used in commonly used items such as clothing, home electrical appliances and the electronics industry, but have not yet been widely used in the medical or pharmaceutical fields. (Shin et al 2007). Silver nanoparticles show a wide antimicrobial effect. Pars Nano Nasb Company in Iran has been developing the technology of applying silver nanoparticles to effectively reduce microbial pollution in chicken and other animals. Consequently, nanofilters are now more widely used as a high disinfectant in poultry farms in Iran (Shahbazzadeh et al. 2009). Although many studies have been done to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on birds, the effect of using silver nanoparticles on the overall reproductive performance of avian species has not been studied. complete, especially when the bird’s eggs and meat are the main source of protein for Mankind. Current research has investigated the effects of nanoparticles on body weight (BW), egg production, egg quality parameters and mortality using a Japanese quail model. .

Raw materials and testing methods with nano silver

Seventy-two classes of Japanese quail (n = 72) were used in this study and divided into 4 groups or treatments at 8 weeks of age. Data are averages of six repeating groups of three female Japanese quail, each group. Three female quails were delivered to each of the 24 cages and locked in a 45 x 16 x 15 cm pin cage. To minimize the effects of body weight and physiological status during the egg-laying cycle, only use female offspring, with a similar body weight (130 to 135 g). The birds are housed in an anti-light controlled house at 25 ° C with an optical cycle of 14L: 10D. The birds are provided with commercial quail diet and tap water. Silver nanoparticles (Nanocid L2000, Colloidal Liquid, No. 357) were purchased from the Nano Nasb Pars Company (Tehran, Iran) .2 –Nano Ag, concentration, TiO 2 ~ 99% WT; Nano Ag ~ 1% WT, particle size distribution Ag, max. 50 nm; in physical, solid-powder state; appearance, white-cream color; grain diameter, 0.2 µm; specific area, 10.42 m 2 / NS; endurance temperatures, up to 2,000 ° C. Four levels: 0, 4, 8 and 12 ppm of nano nanoparticles were used in drinking water during the test period. We determined 0, 4, 8 and 12 ppm just by simply diluting the Nanocids. Every week, the body weight (BW) of each bird is measured individually. Eggs laid and poultry deaths (if any) of each group were recorded each morning for 5 weeks. Eggs were obtained and the yolk mass was weighed. Hens’ daily egg production was recorded weekly. The hen’s daily egg production was then recorded daily at the same time and calculated as follows: the total eggs obtained divided by the total number of live hens per day of each group. Eggshell quality is measured as strain (irregular eggs), shell weight, shell weight, shell thickness, and egg shape index. The yolks are carefully separated from the egg whites using tongs and blotting paper, and weighed. Use tongs to remove the eggshell after 30 minutes of soaking in tap water. The film weight is obtained after air drying at room temperature when the samples have attained a nearly constant weight. Eggshell thickness is measured in digital micrometres (Mitutoyo, Japan). Length and width are measured with vernier caliper and the values ​​are used to calculate the shape index (width × 100 / length). The effect of the different silver nanoparticle level data was evaluated using a 6 × 4 × 3 factorial design (repeat × processing × sample). The data should follow SAS’s General Linear Model (GLM) procedures (SAS Institute, 1990). Mean values ​​were extracted using the least significant difference test.P <0.05.

Results using nano silver

The rate of daily egg production of hens per week of birds used 4, 8 and 12 ppm of nano nano was significantly lower (P <0.05) compared with the control for 10-12 weeks ( Figure 1 ). Although neither egg weight (Table 1) and eggshell thickness (Table 3), nor egg shape index (Table 4) was significantly affected by nanotube use until the end of the test period. experience. In birds that received 12 ppm nano silver there was a significant decrease (P <0.05) in yolk weight over the course of 12 weeks (Table 2) compared with the control group and birds who received 4 and 8. ppm of nanotubes and other weeks. The sheath weight was not affected in the treatment groups when compared with the control group. There was no major effect of the treatment groups on mortality (Table 5). Body weight was similar and there was no difference between all groups during the trial.

Discussion

The use of antibiotics in livestock has caused the development of antibiotic-resistant disease-causing microorganisms. Recently, in many countries and especially in Iran, antibiotic-based growth stimulants have been banned. However, enhancing livestock production and reducing the immunity of high yielding animals requires the search for new growth-promoting antibiotic alternatives. Very intensive growth birds raised in highly industrialized production systems are very susceptible to microorganisms that affect the health and performance of livestock. Many investigations have been carried out to develop feed additives (eg, probiotics, herbs, preservatives), which ensure the profitability of poultry farming and are not endangered. for human health as in the case of growth stimulants with antibiotic properties. Nanotechnology methods allow the production of nanoparticles of precious metals that can exhibit unique biological properties. Precious metals such as silver and its ions have long been known to have unique antimicrobial properties, but even small doses of silver ions can be toxic, limiting silver’s use as a substance. anti bacteria in livestock (Sawosz et al. 2007; Grodzik and Sawosz 2006). However, Ag toxicity can be eliminated when used in the form of nanoparticles (Grodzik and Sawosz 2006). Nanoparticles have structures from 1 to 100 nm. Due to their small size, the total surface area of ​​the contact particles in solution is maximized, resulting in the highest activity per unit weight. The increased exposure to nanoparticles produced in large-scale industrial facilities raises concerns about the toxicity of certain types of nanoparticles. In particular, the oral toxicity issue of nano-silver is of special concern to ensure the health of the community and consumers. Due to the intensive commercial application of silver nanoparticles, the health risk assessment of this nanoparticle is very important. New studies have demonstrated that Ag-NP causes toxicity in different cell lines. Silver causes lethal damage to liver cells in mice and ultimately leads to cell death (Baldi et al. 1988). Abnormal increases in blood silver concentrations, Argyria-like symptoms, and hepatotoxicity following the use of nano-coated dressings for burns in clinical application have been reported (Trop et al. 2006). Silver is not only toxic to the skin and cosmetics, but also lethal to animals (Panyala et al. 2008). Soto et al. (2005) recently showed that silver nanoparticles could be nearly 50% more toxic than chrysolite asbestos. Nanoparticles, such as silver nanoparticles, are showing serious toxic effects on the male reproductive system. Research has determined that the nanoparticles cross the testicular blood barrier and are deposited in the testes (McAuliffe and Perry 2007). Long term exposure to silver has been shown to have toxic effects on CNS such as ataxia (Panyala et al. 2008).

Experimental animal studies have shown that silver is absorbed and metabolized in soft tissues (Panyala et al. 2008). According to Cheng et al. (2004), Zhang and Sun (2007), silver ions can also enter the human body through the female genital tract. Silver nanoparticles have been shown to be harmful to brain cells (Hussain et al. 2006); hepatocytes (Hussain et al. 2005). Silver and silver salts are distributed around the body and they accumulate and show some toxic effects in organs and tissues (Panyala et al. 2008). Silver ions show a high affinity for thiol in the liver (Drake and Hazelwood 2005). Nowadays, silver nanoparticles can be applied to animal feed as a feed additive (Fondevila et al. 2009). In an experiment with broilers, the dose of metallic silver nanoparticles for 5 weeks was continued after 7 days in the no supplementation period. The retention rates of silver were 0.035, 0.031 and 0.045 μg / g in muscle tissue and 0.193, 0.086 and 0.185 μg / g for similar treatments in liver tissue respectively 20, 30 and 40 ppm silver in the preparation. diet (Fondevila et al. 2009). Only 5 out of 10 animals given 20 ppm silver and 30 ppm showed detectable concentrations in muscles, while 6 and 7 out of 10 animals with the same treatment showed clear silver concentrations in liver (Fondevila et al. 2009). We can consider the liver an integral part of that system because that is where the lipid formation of the egg yolk. The laying birds require a normal liver to maintain maximum egg production over time. There are many factors that can adversely affect egg production. Egg production can be influenced by factors such as feed consumption (quality and quantity), water intake, intensity and duration of light exposure, parasite penetration, disease. , toxins and many regulatory and environmental factors. Although silver’s antibiotic requirement for birds is relatively low, adequate levels are essential; And too much will be toxic. Reduced egg production and yolk weight in quails that received 12 ppm nanocide may be the result of silver’s hepatotoxic effects. 1988; Hussain et al. 2005). In fact, nanomaterials are widely used in many fields such as the chemical industry, biomedical, and poultry industry as a disinfectant and the long use of silver nanoparticles in sites. Layer or broiler farms can have adverse effects on the hens and them. Reproductive performance. Therefore, we hypothesized that nanoparticles could affect egg production in quail spawns as animal models in the laboratory. Our findings showed that using 12 ppm nano silver significantly reduced yolk weight. The daily egg production rates of hens per week of birds used 4, 8 and 12 ppm of nano nano were significantly lower than those of the control for 10–12 weeks. Our results show the importance of time of exposure to silver nanoparticles on egg yield and yolk weight in long-term exposure to drinking water containing nanoparticles. The reduction in yolk weight and egg production within the weekend after nanocide use showed that silver toxicity was a chronic effect. It seems that the nano colloid has an effect on quail egg production.

Conclusion effective nano silver

To conclude, this investigation for the first time demonstrated that colloidal silver nanoparticles affect quail egg production; however, water containing 12 ppm silver nanoparticles significantly reduced yolk weight. Furthermore, nanocide 4, 8 and 12 ppm reduced egg production. Finally, more research is needed to elucidate the basic mechanisms of silver nanoparticles for egg production, liver and reproductive activities. The determination of silver nanoparticle residues in meat and eggs is also suggested in future studies.

Reference source:

The Effects of Nano-Silver on Egg Quality Traits in Laying Japanese Quail