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Anti-angiogenic activity of nano silver
Pathogenesis is a symbol of cancer and various inflammatory and ischemic diseases [77]. There are a number of research groups that have discovered novel anti-angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis molecules to overcome angiogenesis-related diseases. Although there are several synthetic molecules that have anti-angiogenic properties, the detection of a wide range of natural and anti-angiogenic factors suggests that this may provide a more physiological approach to treatment. both diseases depend on angiogenesis in the future [78]. Recently, a number of studies have provided supporting evidence by both in vitro and in vivo models showing that nano silver (AgNPs) have both anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer properties. Here, we summarize the important contributions in cancer and other vascular diseases [79] that have confirmed the anti-angiogenic properties of biosynthetic AgNPs using endogenous cells. Bovine retinal tissue (BRECs) as models, where they found inhibition of proliferation and mobility in BRECs after 24 hours of treatment with silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 500 Nm.
Mechanism of inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis by activation of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation; and AgNPs inhibiting the PI3K / Akt pathway induced by VEGF in BRECs [80]. This was followed by “Gurunathan et al.,” Concluding that the “anti-angiogenesis” properties of nano silver together with the ‘pigment epithelial factor’ (PEDF) as a known calibration marker are known as agents. anti-strong circuit [81].
Using BRECs as the modeling system, they evaluated that nano-silver inhibited vascular assays induced by VEGF. Furthermore, they determined that AgNPs could interfere with the shape of the new blood vessels by inactivating PI3K / Akt.
They also demonstrated the anti-cancer properties of nano-silver using various cytotoxic assays in Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells, and tumor mouse model showing time of survival. is significantly increased with AgNPs [82].
Silver nanoparticles reduced with diaminopyridinyl polysaccharide (HP) reduced with diaminopyridinyl (DAP) (DAPHP) inhibited angiogenesis caused by basal fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) compared with glucose conjugation. [80].
Kim et al. [83] developed the anti-angiogenesis Flt1 peptide associated with tetra-N-butyl ammonium modified hyaluronate (HA-TBA), and it was used to encapsulate genistein [83]. By human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC), they found that the genistein / Flt1 peptide-HA micelle inhibited the proliferation of HUVEC, and that the same reagents could significantly reduce neovolysis. the vascular of the cornea of the silver nitrified cornea of the Sprague Dawley rat (SD).
Ag and similar reagents were able to significantly reduce corneal neovascularization in the silver nitrate computerized cornea of Sprague Dawley mice (SD). Ag and similar reagents were able to significantly reduce corneal neovascularization in the silver nitrate computerized cornea of Sprague Dawley mice (SD). Quantum dot Ag2S (QDs) are used as nanowires to monitor lymph drainage system and vascular networks.
The Ag2S-based nano-microorganisms showed long circulation time and high stability. In addition, they were able to monitor angiogenesis mediated by a small tumor (2-3 mm diameter) under in vivo conditions [84]. Recently, silver nano-mediated synthetic Achillea biebersteinii flowers at a concentration of 200 g / mL exhibited a 50% reduction in newly formed vessels [85].
Exploitation against cancer of nano silver
Worldwide, a third person is always as likely to get cancer [86]. Although many chemotherapeutic agents are currently used on different types of cancer, the side effects are enormous and in particular the use of chemotherapy agents by intravenous infusion is a process. tedious [86].
Therefore, it is inevitable to develop technologies to avoid systemic side effects. To overcome this problem, many researchers are developing nanomaterials as an alternative to formulations to specifically target tumor cells.
Gopinath et al. [87] studied the molecular mechanisms of AgNP and found that programmed cell death was concentration-dependent under the conditions. Furthermore, they observed a synergistic effect on apoptosis using uracil phosphoribosyl transferase (UPRT) – expression cells and non-UPRT-expressing cells in the presence of fluorouracil (5-FU).
Through experimental conditions, they observed that AgNPs not only induce apoptosis, but are also sensitive to cancer cells. The anticancer properties of starch coated silver nanoparticles have been studied in human pulmonary fibroblasts (IMR-90) and human glioblastoma cells (U251).
AgNPs induce changes in cell morphology, decrease cell viability as well as metabolic activity and increase oxidative stress leading to mitochondrial damage and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ends with DNA damage. Of these two cell types, the U251 cell showed greater sensitivity than IMR-90 [88].
The same group also confirmed cell uptake of AgNP mainly through the intracellular process. AgNP-treated cells exhibited various abnormalities, including metallothionein regulation, decreased regulation of major actin-binding proteins, filamines, and mitosis [88].
The morphology of cancer cells showed that bio-synthesized AgNP can cause very significant cell death [89] elegantly prepared multifunctional silver-embedded magnetic nanoparticles, of which the first consisting of silver-embedded magnetic NPs with an average 18 nm magnetic core and another consisting of a thick silver “silica shell” with an average size of 16 nm; silica-coated magnetic NPs (M-SERS dots) thus produce a strong surface-enhanced Raman scattering signal (SERS) and have magnetic properties, and these two important properties are used. used to target breast cancer cells (SKBR3) and floating leukemia cells (SP2 / O).
The “anticancer activities” of “protein-bound silver sulfide nanocrystals” are dependent on the size of human HCC in glial cells Bel-7402 and C6 [90] .
Instead of directly treating AgNPs into cells, some researchers have developed chitosan as a carrier molecule to deliver silver to cancer cells. For example, Sanpui “Anticancer activities” of “protein-conjugated silver sulfide nanocrystals” depend on the size of human HCC in glial cells Bel-7402 and C6 [90].
Instead of directly treating nano silver into cells, some researchers have developed chitosan as a carrier molecule to deliver silver to cancer cells.
For example, Sanpui “Anticancer activities” of “protein-conjugated silver sulfide nanocrystals” depend on the size of human HCC in glial cells Bel-7402 and C6 [90].
Instead of directly treating AgNPs into cells, some researchers have developed chitosan as a carrier molecule to deliver silver to cancer cells. For example, Sanpui et al. demonstrated that AgNPs’ chitosan-based nano carrier (NC) distribution induces apoptosis at extremely low concentrations [91].
They then tested the cytotoxic effect using a series of biochemical tests. They found increased intracellular ROS levels in HT 29 cells. Lower nano carrier concentrations with AgNPs showed better inhibitory results than using AgNPs alone. Boca et al. [92] reported that “chitosan coated nano silver triangles” (Chit-AgNTs) increased cell mortality.
In addition, human embryonic (HEK) cells were able to efficiently absorb Chit-AgNTs, and the cytotoxic effect at different sizes of AgNPs was significant in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. (AML) [93]. Some time ago, the anti-cancer properties of bacterial “B-AgNPs” and AgNPs produced from the fungus “F-AgNPs” were demonstrated in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. .
Both biologically produced AgNP exhibited significant cytotoxicity [94]. Of these, mushroom-derived AgNPs have a stronger effect than B-AgNPs, due to the type of reducing agent used to synthesize AgNPs. Similarly, AgNP derived from Escherichia fergusoni showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells [94].
Plant-derived AgNP-mediated synthesis confirmed more prominent toxic effects on human lung carcinoma cells (A549) than non-cancer cells such as cells. Human lung, which suggests that AgNP may target specific cytotoxicity, possibly lower pH levels in cancer cells [95]. Delivering the right target is an essential process for cancer treatment.
To solve this problem, Locatelli et al. [96] have developed multifunctional nanoparticles containing “polymeric nanoparticles (PNP)”, alisertib (Ali) and AgNPs. The combination of PNP with chlorotoxin (Ali @ PNPs – Cltx) showed a dose relationship with the nonlinear effect, while the toxicity of Ag / Ali @ PNPs – Cltx remained stable. Biosynthetic silver nanoparticles confirmed significant toxicity in cancer cells “MCF7” and “T47D” by higher intracellular activity than normal breast cell line MCF10-A [97].
Banti and Hadjikakou explained in detail the antiproliferative and anti-tumor activity of silver compounds (I) [98]. Bio-synthesized AgNP has the ability to change cancer cell morphology, which is an early marker for apoptosis. Apoptosis can be determined by structural changes in cells using a transmitted light microscope.
Nguồn tham khảo: Applications of Silver nanoparticles in diverse sectors
1 Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, IFTM University, Moradabad, India.
2 Professor, Institute of Bio Science and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow-Deva Road, India.
